An Assessment Report On The Child s Development - 2945 Words

Introduction As children grow older each child becomes unique and develops individually at their own pace, the process of developing from a baby to a child requires the achievement of many different domains of learning; social, language, physical, emotional and intellectual cognitive development. Educators can influence how a child develops in these domains by observing and monitoring each child in their natural environment. Using this method helps the educator assess the child’s learning, discovers the child’s likes and interests, explores the areas of the child s development skills, becomes familiar with the patterns of how to support the child in reaching the next step, explores whether the child is developing typically for their age†¦show more content†¦It is important for the educator to keep in mind that the child must be seen as the whole of the child whiling looking at all areas of development domains. There are a number of different theorists associated with chil d development. One major development theory linked with my focus child is the Jean Piaget theory. According to Jean Piaget, he believes that children are born with a very basic mental structure (genetically inherited and evolved) on which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based. (Sam Mcleod, from Simply Psychology). Introduction to the Child The focus child for this study is a two year and four month old boy, his name is Tristan. Tristan lives at home with his mother and his younger brother who is a few months old, all of his family speak English. Tristan is a very active child who loves to be in the outdoor environment and he visits the local park and shops frequently with his mum. Tristan learns by exploring his environment and the world in which he lives in, play is Tristan s work as he practices and masters new intellectual, physical, and social skills in his own learning. During Tristan s outdoor play, I noticed that Tristan is practising positive behavioural habits and this will benefit him when he begins to attend school. Tristan s mother encouraged positive behaviour by reinforcing the limits and

Economic Analysis ( Ks ) Essay - 1230 Words

Economic Analysis (KS) The Federal Reserve reports in the Beige Book that was most recently published on April 15, 2015, that throughout the twelve Federal Reserve Districts, which include, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Kansa City, Dallas, and San Francisco, economic expansion continued to grow within most regions. Consumer spending is on an upswing in Boston Philadelphia, St. Louis, Minneapolis, and San Francisco, who all reported higher retail sales to the Federal Reserve, and attribute this partly to consumers saving money on energy prices and spending that money on retail transactions. This can have great potential benefit for Apple Inc. because it shows that consumers in these regions are visiting retailers more and might be more apt to purchase Apple products. At the other end of the spectrum the New York, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, and Dallas regions reported mixed to slightly lower retail sales, and the Cleveland region reported that retail sales remained flat. These reports could mean that people in these regions are less likely to spend money at retailers, meaning they are less likely to spend their money on Apple products (U.S. Federal Reserve). Demand for manufactured products, as reported to the Federal Reserve, were mixed during the period. Although Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, and Dallas, and San Francisco report an increase on net of manufacturing,Show MoreRelatedFinancial Ratios and Profit Analysis Methods998 Words   |  4 Pagesexpanding greatly its online offerings. One of the few examples where such a shift would be expected and normal given the current economic climate would be firms like BlockBuster who are clearly shifting from brick and mortar stores to online stores and/or digital offerings in general. HYPERLINK http://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=HMA+Key+Statistics http://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=HMA+Key+Statistics HYPERLINK http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/pegratioearningsgrowthrate.asp http://www.investopediaRead MoreInternational Trade1662 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean Union is the largest trading partner of the United States and this trade represents 4% of U.S. gross domestic product (BEA, 2010). The intensification of long-haul trade routes has reinforced the critical role of seaports, as gateways to economic spaces and as nodes on the global deep-sea liner shipping networks (Goss, 1990; Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2007; Trongzon and Sawant, 2007). A countervailing force has been that shipping lines have now become dominant actors in world trade because theyRead MoreTechnical Analysis and Mutual Funds. Testing Trading Rules3465 Words   |  14 Pagesrespective mutual fund and not for the single investor. It is presented the triple moving average rule, which possibly can be a solution for this problem. KEYWORDS: Technical Analysis, Mutual Funds, Moving Average Rule, Decision Making INTRODUCTION The decision-making process could break down into two separate stages-analysis and timing. Because of the high leverage factor in the future markets, timing is especially crucial to successful trading. It is quite possible to be correct on the generalRead MoreEssay on Market Research Implementation: McDonalds1320 Words   |  6 Pagesis currently a hot topic within food chains and attention is driven by the Obama administration. 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Due to frictions among the divisions, Randolph’s stock has not performed according to expectationsRead MorePatient Profile Preferred By Doctors For Polypill Prescription Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesFig.1: Patient Profile preferred by doctors for Polypill prescription. Further analysis leads us to the top indication groups in secondary CV prevention where doctors would prefer polypill like CAD / T2DM /HTN: 23%, HTN with IHD: 17%, CAD/HTN/ Chronic Heart Failure (CHF): 15% (Fig.2) Results from our survey also showed that 90% Doctors believe that Polypill Improve Compliance and adherence to the treatment. Fig.2: Indications Preferred by doctors for Polypill in CVD management â€Æ' Patient ProfileRead MoreThe Model Of Health Care799 Words   |  4 Pagesmodel, where the patient is only viewed as a syndrome, or the host of a disease, or the biopsychosocial model (BPS), which was developed by George L. Engel in 1977.1 The BPS model appreciates the person as a whole, having psychological and socio-economic impacts on their health and adherence, as well as the ailment they may or may not be suffering from at any point in time.1 In the case of LH, where it is clear her health and wellbeing is being affected by her lifestyle, it would be more appropriateRead MoreAnalysing the Business Environment in China1162 Words   |  5 Pagesline in China. The report studies the business environment variables of China, namely the economical, legal, political, cultural, religious and educational factors; to recommend an entry strategy for Stillwater to enter China as a market. The SWOT analysis is also used as a tool to supplement the study of the business environment variables . Stillwater should use this report to determine its likelihood of surviving and succeeding in China as a company. A decision to enter the China market should beRead MoreBenefits Of Same Sex Marriage1054 Words   |  5 Pages Benefits of Same Sex Marriage in Society By: Katherine Collins PSY 2510 Abstract Introduction In 2014, same sex marriage has been legalized in thirty-five US states (AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, ME, MN, MT, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, UT, VA, VT, WA, WV, WI, and WY) and the District of Columbia. There is also fifteen states (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MI, MS, MO, NE, ND, OH, SD, TN, TX, WY) have same sex marriage bans through eitherRead MoreRisk and Return Analysis Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesRisk and Return Analysis Paper FIN 402 Risk and Return Analysis Paper Creating the right balance of securities in a diversified portfolio is crucial to maximizing return and minimize risk. This can be done through analysis of current and past activity of each product. 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Michio Kaku’s Vision of the Future Free Essays

Michio Kaku’s Vision of the Future By Artemio Zavala Michio Kaku’s speech offered an expansive view of future technologies. His predictions were carefully grounded within the laws of physics and turned out to be quite marvelous. He foresees technologies like â€Å"retinal display† contact lenses that connect directly to the internet, driverless cars, the mixing of real and virtual reality, and software â€Å"robotic doctors† that might replace most people’s initial visit to the doctor. We will write a custom essay sample on Michio Kaku’s Vision of the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kaku was also optimistic about progress in medicine, biotech and nanotechnology suggesting that we’ll have medical â€Å"tricorders† like the ones on Star Trek, miniature nanobots coursing through our veins, and advanced gene therapy. Kaku also believes that computers, artificial intelligence and robots will advance rapidly, even though he foresees a possible slowdown in the rate of improvement as Moore’s Law potentially hits a wall. One area where I think Kaku failed to discuss was how all this will impact culture and the economy. Kaku seems glued to the idea that only technology will change; yet he didn’t talk about how this technology might negatively affect society. If there will be robots that will cook and software that will do the jobs of doctors, and might even become conscious one day, then it seems clear that technology like that would be able to do the jobs of millions of people who sit in offices or work in service industries. Maybe Kaku fails to see the possible impact that his fantastic ideas might have on society? Nevertheless, his ideas were simply astonishing and I truly found his speech to be quite intriguing. How to cite Michio Kaku’s Vision of the Future, Essay examples

Change Management Of Coca-Cola Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Change Management Of Coca-Cola Company. Answer: Introduction The Coca-Cola Company is the world's number one maker of soft drinks, selling 1.3 billion beverage servings every day. Coca-Cola's red and white trademark is probably the best-known brand symbol in the world. Headquartered since its founding in Atlanta, Coca-Cola makes four of the top five soft drinks in the world, Coca-Cola at number one and Diet Coke, Fanta, and Sprite at numbers three through five. The company also operates one of the world's most pervasive distribution systems, offering it's nearly 400 beverage products in more than 200 countries worldwide. Among the company's products are a variety of carbonated beverages (including the aforementioned brands and many others, such as Fresca, Barq's, and Cherry and Vanilla Coke); sports drinks (Powerade and Aquarius); juices and juice drinks (Minute Maid, Fruitopia, Hi-C, Five Alive, Qoo, Maaza, and Bibo); teas (Sokenbicha and Marocha); coffees (Georgia); and bottled waters (Ciel, Dasani, and Bonaqua). Moreover, the company holds the rights to the Schweppes, Canada Dry, Dr. Pepper, and Crush brands outside of North America, Europe, and Australia (Referenceforbusiness.com, 2017).Change management plan developed byproject management team for implementation of new administration system. The plan aims to provide a framework for managing and coordinating communication across all departments. These plans identify goals and strategies for goals implementation. The person to ensure to change implementation is implemented successfully. The objectives that the project will achieve upon implementing the new change. The constraint for change management. Analysis of stalk holder response to change. Assessment of the readiness of change by the organization. The organization wants to change to adopt new administration system to help it achieve its target. The organization needs to change and adopt dynamic survival strategies to stay alive in uncertain political economic and social environment.Its human nature to resist cha nge and to implement change inmanagement strategies for managing resistance. Project sponsor. Sponsor is the person who oversees the entire change management initiative (Brighthub Project Management, 2017) .The sponsor is the figurehead of the project .for a project to achieve its anticipated benefits, real change can only be affected by proactive sponsor. Too often sponsors believe that their role is limited to securing project funds or attending a kick-off meeting. Effective sponsorship requires more than that: Active involvement and support throughout the change management effort are critical elements for success (Change Champions Consulting, 2017). Educate sponsor on his/her role in the change management project. Sponsorship is not limited to securing resources. It also includes active communication about the change, support for key decisions and removal of roadblocks, andmost importantly. Project objectives The following objectives can be achieved through implementation of new administration system: To improve profitability and return on overall investment To rapidly respond to the customers' demands To increase the employee performance To respond to the rapidly changing environment To improve the overall performance of the company To improve the effectiveness and efficiency To create the best practices inside the organization and setting standards for the industry Change management is needed for organizational survival. So the company should adapt to change management techniques to maintain its worth in the industry. Change elements Three important elements of organizational change are Thinking: How people understand the organization and their ability to learn. How well ideas (management concepts) are tailored to meet the organization's needs, and how well managers communicate them (Anon, 2017). Behavior: How people react to change, how it is discussed and the attitudes that exist related to the proposed change. Infrastructure: The physical environment in which the change takes place, including technology, procedures, organizational structure and the various systems that are of relevance to the work (Anon, 2017) Change in the structure is maintaining the span of control, specifying different work roles, redesigning job scenarios, etc. Change in technology could be an introduction to new innovative methods for improving the product's quality launched by the organization. While the change in people is to bring about alterations in the way people think and act. It means to modify their behavior towards the betterment of organization (Google Books, 2017). Employee engagement The recent change management at coca cola is directed towards the intrinsic values and motivations of the employees and can be referred to as 'employee engagement.' The change management process, together with internal branding programs is expected to bring about ideal behaviors in employees, which would align the operations of coca cola worldwide, and bring about efficiency throughout coca cola across all its business segments. Coca-Cola hopes to bring about a thoroughly integrated system of communications, and focus on creating brand relationships with their employees. This would enhance the operations of Coca-cola, as an integrated approach would mean all employees believe in engaging fully in the values, and this would become an inherent part of the employees at a personal level. Coca-cola is actively seeking to incorporate the change into its company for "building capability in engagement, maintaining engagement momentum and ensuring that engagement is integrated into CCR's people practices" (Samdahl,2011). For this purpose, employee engagement surveys are conducted twice every year for all the coca cola associates, which serve to highlight the areas where the action is required, and further actions and implementations can henceforth be executed. Coca-cola believes that their business results hinge on the dedication of their employees to operational excellence. The company truly recognizes the importance of the people to the business, and knows that to continue to bring about tremendous results it is bringing in, employees throughout the world should believe in the values intrinsically, and therefore the employee engagement is being focused on all the countries the company serves to align, thoroughly integrate and align the company so that operational efficiency can be achieved. Barriers to change management: Lack of Employee Involvement This is perhaps the most common barrier to change management. Employees always have a fear of change, and unless they are involved in the change process, it is highly likely that even the most loyal member of your employees will resist the change. The biggest mistake some organizations make is a failure to involve employees in the change process. Lack of Effective Communication Strategy Some organizations have no effective communication strategy. In fact, some top leaders always assume that once they announce the change, people will adjust and be ready to get started with the new development. Unknown Current State Change is always difficult for organizations that lack the idea of their current state. Trying to introduce and implement change without conducting an assessment and understanding the current blueprint of the organization is a common habit by many entities. Organization Complexity There comes a time when organizations begin to develop complex processes, making the process of planning and implementing change a bit more complex. The complexities include complex processes, products, and systems, all which contribute to change barriers because they are often quite difficult for the members of the organization to understand. Key stakeholders analysis Coca-Cola Company can use two change management tools to make sure that all people who are required to be the part of change management process. These tools are Force Field analysis and AKADAR model. Force field analysis is a technique developed by Kurt Lewin to scrutinize the forces that are causing an opposition to change process ((Change Management Coach, 2017). By doing Force Field Analysis, Coca-Cola Company will be able to induct people who are in need of appropriate training. Another useful tool is AKADAR model which stands for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. Through AKDAR model, firm creates awareness about the need of change, generate desire in the people to help in transitioning process, give knowledge to the people that how they can help the change process, and develop an ability in the people to go through the change and provide them with continuous reinforcement to withstand the change). Conclusion To conclude, it may be said that communication can be a key element to successful change management. Communicate the changes to the employees; tell them why the change was inevitable and how they will benefit from the change. The management should itself adopt a positive attitude towards the change so that employees can follow their lead and welcome the change. Coca-cola as a company has a heritage of embracing change rather than resist it, and it should translate into their future endeavors towards change management to ensure that the organization is best poised to market under all sorts of environmental conditions References Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_elements_are_most_important_for_organizational_change [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://ttps://www.prosci.com/change-management/thought-leadership-library/change-management-process [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://telematics.tomtom.com/en_gb/webfleet/blog/risks-associated-with-change/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-barriers-change-management-how-easily-overcome-them-smith/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Brighthub Project Management. (2017). The Role of the Sponsor In Bringing Change to a Project. [online] Available at: https://www.brighthubpm.com/change-management/39144-sponsoring-a-change-management-initiative/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Change Champions Consulting. (2017). Change Management: Executive Sponsorship. [online] Available at: https://changechampionsconsulting.com/change-management/executive-sponsorship-key-element-success-change-management/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Change Management Coach. (2017). Lewin's Force Field Analysis Explained. [online] Available at: https://www.change-management-coach.com/force-field-analysis.html [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Extension.harvard.edu. (2017). What Could Go Wrong? How to Manage Risk for Successful Change Initiatives | Harvard Professional Development | Harvard DCE. [online] Available at: https://www.extension.harvard.edu/professional-development/blog/what-could-go-wrong-how-manage-risk-successful-change-initiatives [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Google Books. (2017). Organizational Immunity to Corruption. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=5_wnDwAAQBAJpg=PA45lpg=PA45dq=It+means+to+modify+their+behavior+towards+the+betterment+of+organizationsource=blots=x2vz2j1d_Jsig=83vvRv87NylVxD5qN0f77WuHwr8hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjWxZDTpdDXAhWC1hQKHRWQBpEQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepageq=It%20means%20to%20modify%20their%20behavior%20towards%20the%20betterment%20of%20organizationf=false [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Referenceforbusiness.com. (2017). The Coca-Cola Company - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on The Coca-Cola Company. [online] Available at: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/32/The-Coca-Cola-Company.html [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Smartsheet. (2017). 8 Elements of an Effective Change Management Process. [online] Available at: https://www.smartsheet.com/8-elements-effective-change-management-process [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Thomas, M. and profile, V. (2017). Elements of a Change Management Plan. [online] Processchange.blogspot.co.ke. Available at: https://processchange.blogspot.co.ke/2010/07/elements-of-change-management-plan.html [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]

Mary Tudors Reign was a Disaster do you agree Essay Example

Mary Tudors Reign was a Disaster: do you agree? Paper Mary Tudor was the best Tudor queen. She was determined, straightforward and had all of the good Tudor qualities. There was one thing, however, that made her the most hated monarch ever. Mary was a devout Catholic. Her reign started very badly. Edwards protector: The Duke Of Northumberland kne w that Mary would become queen after Edward. He also knew that Mary would execute him as he had helped Edward change the church. To save his skin, he persuaded Edward to write in his will that the son of Lady Jane Grey who had now married Northumberlands son would rule after him. Edward became ill. It was obvious that he would soon die. Edwards will was altered; so that it said that Jane Grey and her son would rule. On 6th July 1553 Edward died. The news was kept secret until Northumberland bullied the council into proclaiming Lady Jane as queen. Mary managed to escape Northumberlands agents and went to Norfolk, which was full of Catholics. She wrote a letter to the council demanding the throne. Northumberlands troops sent to fight Mary deserted. He was forced to surrender. He was hanged on July 1553. Mary changed everything that her brother had done. This meant that: 1. The prayer book was outlawed. 2. Holy Days were to be observed. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Tudors Reign was a Disaster: do you agree? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Tudors Reign was a Disaster: do you agree? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Tudors Reign was a Disaster: do you agree? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 3. Mary refused the title head of the church. 4. Married priests were to leave their wives. 5. The catholic service of mass (bread and wine) was restored. 6. Schoolteachers were told to teach their children what to say during mass. Mary wanted to marry. A woman ruler was an unknown, freakish thing. The English disliked foreigners. They expected her to marry Edward Courtenay. Mary was half Spanish and wanted to marry Phillip- prince of Spain. The English hated foreigners. The English loathed the Spanish. Even Catholics were worried at the thought. Everyone feared that Spain would suck-up England. Sir James Croft, Sir Peter Carew and Sir Thomas Wyatt decided to do something about it. Croft and Carew didnt persuade many men, but Wyatt said there would be a Spanish Invasion and raised an army of 4,000. Marys chief general who was sent to fight Wyatt, had to retreat, when 500 of his men retreated. Mary held a council. She knew that some Londoners would open the city gates for the rebels. She reminded everyone of what would happen if an undisciplined mob was let loose. Robbing and murder would take place everywhere. When the rebels arrived, the city gates were closed. There was no way they could get in. They had to surrender. Wyatt was tortured (to find out if Elizabeth had hired him) and killed. The marriage took place at Winchester cathedral. Mary invited her cousin Cardinal Reginald Pole to stay in England. They both believed that burning heretics would give them a chance of going to heaven especially if they repented. Mary ordered five important bishops to be burnt:   Latimer Ridley Ferrar Hooper   Rogers Burning was very painful and took up to 45 minutes. 300 people were burnt during Marys reign. The sad thing was that Mary burnt unimportant people such as pregnant women!!! Thomas Cranmer had given Henry VIII his divorce. He was the reason that Mary had once been called illegitimate. Mary detested him. The law was that if he became a catholic and made a public speech denouncing Protestantism, he would be forgiven. Cranmer was now seventy which was twice the average death age. He made a speech and signed a paper that said he was Protestant. Mary detested him, so after he had done this, announced that he would be executed anyway. At his execution, he put his right hand (which he had signed the paper with) into the flames first to punish it. Two bishops: Latimer and Ridley were to be burnt together at Oxford in October 1555. Latimer said these famous words to Ridley: Be of good comfort master Ridley, and play the man. We shall this day light such a candle, by Gods grace in England, as I trust shall never be put out. This means; Be happy our death is a light which shows that Protestantism shall never be stamped out in England. His prediction is true there are many protestants in England today. Marys marriage brought her little happiness. Phillip went back to Spain and hardly returned. Mary had no children. News of Marys last illness caused only relief and joy in London. The citizens called the day before she died Hope Wednesday. The sad queen, who burnt nearly 300 protestants died on 17th November 1558. Reginald Pole died on the same day. Turn or Burn died with them. In conclusion, Marys reign was a disaster, as she was hated by her people, disliked by her husband and everything she did was to be undone by Elizabeth. 20/04/2007 (c) Copyright Gopal K Kotecha 2003 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Richard III section.

Beothuk Indians essays

Beothuk Indians essays The Beothuk were the aboriginal inhabitants of Newfoundland when European settlers first arrived. The total Beothuk population, at any one time, is thought by present day archaeologists to have numbered between 500 and 1000 individuals. Their subsistence economy was marine based, supplemented by inland Caribou hunting. Their traditional enemies were the Micmac and the Labrador Eskimos, and for the most part the Beothuk kept to themselves and avoided contact with Europeans, so very little is known about them. The tragic story of the Beothuks has attracted a great deal of attention with the supposition that the extinction of their people was due to the settlers and fishermen slaughtering them. Given the Beothuk pattern of avoiding Europeans, it is also likely that there was relatively little danger of infection from European disease until relatively late in the history of the Beothuks when contacts with outsiders were more frequent. Although some were killed by the Europeans who resented Beothuk thefts, and some perished due to disease, this was not the major cause of their demise. Their fate was sealed by the growing Micmac presence and English settlement which caused a loss of access to the seals, fish, birds and shellfish of the coasts. Following contact with the Europeans it was a combination of disease, malnutrition, conflict with settlers and other native groups, and disruption of traditional Beothuk fishing sites by settlers that resulted in the extinction of the Beothuk people when the last known Beothuk, Shanawdithit, died in 1829 (Howely, 1974). Historians are not absolutely certain of the origins of the Beothuk Indians however they have hypothesized that they were the descendants of the Maritime Archaic people of Newfoundland and Labrador. Ancestors of the Beothuks have been traced back to approximately 1000 years ago. Although archaeological digs have provided information on Beothuk technology, lit...

In the character of Gatsby. Fitzgerald holds the idea of the american Essay

In the character of Gatsby. Fitzgerald holds the idea of the american dream up to ridicule. with reference to appropriately sele - Essay Example He based his life on the ever thoughts of money; how much he earned and how much possessions he made. He thought that money brings with it many other advantages. The only purpose behind his lust for wealth was to win back his lost old love. Why he pursued money was because his love had left him for money. Daisy, his love considered him unworthy in the past because he was a lower class person. He was sure that if he remained poor, she was never to allow him to make a reunion. He was poor and thought all the days and nights about Daisy that she was waiting for him to come and take her. He thought that Daisy â€Å"was tired of waiting around for me† (Fitzgerald, p131). Gatsby believed he could win her provided he reaches for what most of the people considered as â€Å"American Dream†. Money was his ideal. He had complete faith in wealth. His worthless life existed on the foundations of falsehood. Gatsby ridiculed the â€Å"American Dream†. He was able to get to his desire and aspiration when he became a wealth man. He employed in a number of jobs the whole of his life and this was but to show to Daisy what he could give her. He wants to win back his love by making yet another entry to Daisy’s life. When he meets her, he reminds her the past and assures her that he did not forget her. Her sweet memories always accompanied him. He reveals before the already married Daisy that he still loved her: â€Å"Look at this†, said Gatsby quickly. â€Å"Here’s a lot of clippings about you† (Fitzgerald, p93). Gatsby was the perfect personification of â€Å"American Dream† held up to ridicule. Wealth determined all his actions and he always thought with the mindset of a businessman, more suitable, a shopkeeper. He believed in wealth to the extent that he was sure he could bring his past back. He had a firm trust in his money to the extents that he thought Daisy would happily leave her husband in the pursuit of money he had. He was not influenced by the general perception that people change with respect to the passage of time. He once stressed his view when said rhetorically: â€Å"Can’t repeat the past. Why of course you can!† (Fitzgerald, p111). When he loses his love to a wealthy man, he decided at once to get to the status of the richest man of the world. Poor by birth, he gathers around him vast amounts of wealth and high social status. He ridicules the â€Å"American Dream† by desiring to become the wealthiest man of the world and ultimately the ruler of the whole world. He wants to be God. Nick speaks of him as an extravagant and flamboyant person. Gatsby is no doubt the real symbol of ridiculous excess and waste of Rich American Socialites. He believes that his royal mansion can be the key of his success. His â€Å"American Dream† turning into ridicule has been described by Nick when he refers to his mansion: â€Å"The one on my right was a colossal affair by any st andard-it was a factual imitation of some hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than a forty acres of lawn and garden† (Fitzgerald, p5). When Mayor Wolfsheim had seen the opportunity to achieve the â€Å"American Dream† by making enormous money at once after having fixed the World Series, Gatsby ensures his â€Å"American Dream† by appreciating Wolfsheim’

Land Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Land Law - Research Paper Example With regards to positive covenants, there is no issue when the original covenantee seeks to claim against an original covenantor. However, complications emerge when attempts are made to make a successor in title to the original covenantor liable on the premise that the burden of the covenant has passed to them, or when successor in title to the original covenantee wishes to sue on the premise that the benefit of the covenant has passed to them. The difficulty with this is that although the burden may pass to successors in title in restrictive covenants, this rule does not apply in positive covenants. This problem can be seen in Rhone v Stephens [1994]2 where a property owner had divided his property into two, selling one (a cottage) and retaining the other. He covenanted to maintain the roof that extended over the cottage, which subsequently leaked and damaged the cottage. The cottage owners then sued the successors in title of the original covenantor. However, the House of Lords hel d that because the covenant was positive, there could be no liability. Lord Templeman stated that equity could not be used to enforce positive covenants and to do so ‘would be to enforce a personal obligation against a person who has not covenanted3.’ This was based on the principle in Keppell v Bailey [1834]4 which establishes the rule that only the benefit and not the burden runs with the land. In Haywood v Brunswick Permanent Benefit Building Society [1881]5, Cotton LJ held that covenants requiring owners to ‘put his hand into his pocket’ was not enforceable.

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Research paper - Essay Example It is true that for many reasons the whole idea seems relaxing, dependable and reliable there are people who take advantage of the same. There are very many benefits of online shopping that make it so popular among various people with different reasons of shopping online. For instance, people do not have to move around the city searching for something, instead, they only need the internet connection, and they get to select every item that they need at their own time and speed. With the improved technology, they can as well shop from their mobile phones from wherever they are (Filipe & Obaidat, 2008). Online shopping also gives consumers a variety of items to choose from with various outlets to select from making it very effortless for people to virtually get anything they need. There is also the advantage of locating everything usual online as opposed to physical retailers where it is easy to miss something someone needs. Though the online shopping has only been praised for many people, there are some cases where it can be regarded dangerous. For example, if people are not very keen while doing online shopping, they could find themselves in the hands of cyber thieves and end up losing a lot of money. This may come as a shock thinking that people have believed online shopping to be the safest place to buy items, but someone may be targeted and conned easily. This is why people are advised to manage their online shopping properly and be keen on the people they communicate to regarding online shopping. Another disadvantage of online shopping is that a person first pays for an item before it is mailed or delivered to them unlike at retails shops where people get to carry their items to their destination. People are advised to perform online shopping to stores with excellent status (Filipe & Obaidat, 2008). There is also the disadvantage of wrong product being delivered to the customer and there are no re funds in most of the online

Cloud Computing Solutions For Celcom Axiata

Cloud Computing Solutions For Celcom Axiata Enclosed is report of cloud computing solutions for Celcom Axiata Berhard for your reference and consideration. This report is a summary of findings from study, online researches, and depth interview during March May 2011 as part of assignment for Management Information System in University of Southern Queensland. The report include overview of cloud computing solutions, analysis of current IT infrastructure issues and challenges, and how cloud computing can be beneficial to your company. Cloud computing is latest current disruptive technologies and is the fastest growing form of computing, with an estimated market size in 2009 of $8 billion, and a projected size of $160 billion in 2012 (Gartner, 2008; Merrill Lynch, 2008). As mobile and social computing are growing faster in the history of technology, and enterprise applications will need to adapt to provide similar concept inside company to increase business collaboration and at the end will improve business processes, as well cost reduction. We thank you for good corporation from Celcom IT Infrastructure department by facilitating depth interview and group discussion within IT team during our research. If you have any questions and/or comments regarding of this report please feel free to contact us. Yours sincerely, Sriyani, Aan Fan Jiang TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Summary i Introduction Celcom and business background IT Infrastructure : issues challenges Issues challenges IT Ecosystem Cloud Computing and its business benefits and costs Recommendation of cloud computing adoption Conclusions EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report evaluates corporate mission, business strategy, grand IT Infrastructure of Celcom Axiata Berhard in order to provide recommendations regarding cloud computing solutions in company IT strategy. A detailed cloud computing definition has provided in this report, followed by differentiation deployment models, service models and also further elaboration to benefits and cost cloud computing solution. A major finding in current complexity IT infrastructure to support business requirement and challenges to reduce increasing cost of maintenance and deployment of IT technology every year. Depth analysis and research to cloud computing solutions provided in the market, and also adoption recommendation have been provided in this report. It is recommended Celcom as multinational company must have strategic outlook on the future of ICT practices as market is undergoing changes due to technological advancements to adapt and follow market trends and increase ability to compete in the market. In this report, company is suggested to run pilot project to adapt sales cloud to improve business process in sales division and develop private cloud computing by doing virtualization Aim of this report is giving ideas to increase productivity, improve business process and keep focus to reduce cost of maintenance and deployment of IT Technology. Company also has huge opportunity to deliver new business services via cloud computing to current business user customers. INTRODUCTION Company Background Celcom Axiata Berhard (Bhd) is one of market leader mobile operator in Malaysia and occupying over one-third of the market share at the end of Year 2010. Under the control of the Axiata Group, was rebranded from Telekom Malaysias international mobile operations unit Telekom Malaysia International (TMI) on March 31 2009 and formerly launching its new identity on April 2 2009. Axiata Groups major shareholder is Khazanah Nasional Berhad, with a 44.51% stake, while its other significant shareholders with over 5% holdings are the Employees Provident Fund Board (14.22%) and Amanah Raya Nominees (8.52%). As the first mobile operator in Malaysia, Celcom has the widest network coverage in the country, covering 98% of the populated areas in the country. Align with their mission to become number one mobile operator in Malaysia by 2013 and vision to deliver best service for customers and growing innovation in mobile technology, currently Celcom closing the gap with over 11 million subscribers by Quarter 4, 2010. Celcoms core business is in providing prepaid and postpaid mobile voice services. Under Prepaid strong hold, has 3 different brands covering different segmentation, Xpax including sub brand UOX and SOX for Youth segment, Blue for Basic Malaysian, and Celcom Sukses for International segment. In postpaid segment Celcom has Postpaid Exec to serve personal user and Celcom Biz to serve enterprise business user. Celcom strong growth has been further supplemented by the growing data services segment and mobile broadband business, making it Malaysias leading mobile broadband provider. All complete information about Celcom Axiata Berhard (Bhd) can be found through company website at www.celcom.com.my Purpose of Report This report was prepared to evaluate the IT Infrastructure and introduce cloud computing as part of IT future strategy to drive greater cost efficiencies, improvement business process as well new revenue stream for the company. It was commissioned by Mr. Noor Kamarul Anuar Nuruddin as Chief Information Technology Transformation Officer of Celcom Axiata Berhard IT INFRASTRUCTURE : ISSUES AND CHALLENGES To serve over 11 million subscriber and more than 3,900 employees nationwide at Head office included 6 regional offices, Celcom is really dependent to integrated, systematic and high standards Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure. Information technology is playing a very critical role to support and enhance business process, nevertheless to meet business expectation in timely manner. Issues Challenges According to General Manager IT Infrastructure there are several challenges in IT organization as listed below: Complexity of IT and Network elements to support business requirements its fact that IT has always been massively complex and considerably inefficient. To support business requirement, most often are not designed for efficiency but to get the job done. New business requirement which forced beyond articulated needs to create first-of-a-kind products and service. New disruptive technology in market like facebook and other social network has direct impact yet create reduction of customer voice usage and impacting to revenue growth slow-down. Increasing operation Maintenance cost Operational expenditure cost keeps increasing year on year by 9% mostly for maintenance legacy system and company profitability growth will be challenging to keep without continuous cost optimization. Continuation of staff reduction in response to smart spending initiative Celcom IT ecosystem To provide internal best solution, Celcom has policy standard operating environment (SOE) to use 2 different vendors in each major component. These 2 vendors should be chosen from Tier 1 and Tier 2 recommendation by Gartner and able to provide best and breed solutions. Gartner, Inc. is the worlds leading information technology research and advisory company headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.A., and has 4,400 associates, including 1,200 research analysts and consultants, and clients in 85 countries (http://www.gartner.com/technology/about.jsp). Under current organization, Celcom IT ecosystem consists of: Office automation Office automation is really important to support daily works for all employees. According to Wikipedia (2011, p. 1) office automation refers to the varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks. Office automation helps in optimizing and automating existing office procedures which using LAN/WAN as back bone for Celcom offices and 45 branches including administration and management for electronic scheduling and messaging system using Outlook, antivirus, working desktop/laptop, telephony (Pabx), printer, scanner, facsimile, and mobile device for each employee. Enterprise Applications Enterprise applications are systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the business firm and include all levels of management (Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 82). In Celcom, enterprise application enabling company to execute and optimize business support processes with modular solutions. SAP ERP Financials To handle core accounting and reporting capabilities, receivables management, treasury and shared services SAP Supply Chain Management (SCM) To support day to day business process procurement purchasing or management module, vendor record management, sourcing request for quotation (RFQ) management, contract management, purchase order management, requisition management, invoice processing, and automatic settlement SAP Sales Distribution (SD)To support processing sales quotation, processing sales order, and delivery starter pack reload coupon processing, reporting, and sales commission for dealer SAP provides better insight and visibility across organizations, improve operational efficiency and effectiveness, and increase flexibility to address business change. Human Resources people soft 9.0 To support business process of online attendance, employee claim management, leave, overtime management, record pay and compensation history, payroll and compensation, employee performance and development documents, review and evaluation, record history details employee, and recruitment Knowledge Management Intranet Celcom Blue-Net Intranet base portal with collection of knowledge and information reports compilation includes whitepapers, conference papers presented at various events. Interactive session and discussion forums chat and search engine functionality to ease searching knowledge process. Customer Service Relationship (CRM) handled by system Rover 2 Customer service tools for prepaid activation account service, customer enquiries, reload, customer record data, migration brand (change plan), and bill payment. Call Center (Amdocs) serve for call center agent to handling complaint, record complaint history, case interaction Sales Marketing Next System, Integrated with SAP SD to register activate customer account, ordering stock starter pack recharge, monitor sales performance, distributor allocate to certain id dealer and tagging id base on allocation for commission payment, real time report base on activation and reload denomination. Cube (Desk Next), monitoring sales performance base on distributor until business manager until dealer name, floating stock, activation, distribution allocation, report payment commission base on tier incentive scheme and performance. Reporting Monitoring Operational Data Storage (ODS), consist of internal raw data of sales, revenue, recharge, migration, churn for analysis purposes. Enterprise Information Portal (EIP), is dashboard monitoring daily, weekly, monthly by brand and regional performance. Infrastructure Networking/Telecommunications LAN (local area network) connects network devices over a relatively short distance between floors and Wan (wide area network) connects networking Head office, regional office and branches. Data management and storage A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated storage network that provides access to consolidated, block level storage. SAN used to make storage devices having accessible to servers and devices appear as locally attached to the operating system. On top of that, for data management and storage also using network attached storage as a convenient method of sharing files for multiple computers with additional benefits of network-attached storage, which giving faster data access, easier administration, and simple configuration Security To protect networks from unauthorized access while permitting legitimate communications and Firewall, Anti Virus, Anti Spamming Back up recovery and monitoring The purpose to do back up, recovery and monitoring is to avoid data losses and ability to recover data in certain time frame where have been defined by user under data retention policy made by company. CLOUD COMPUTING and ITS BENEFITS COST Overview of Cloud Computing Base on NIST Definition of Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models (Peter Mell Timothy Grance. 2011, p. 2) Four deployment models differentiation base on NIST definition of cloud computing (Peter Mell Timothy Grance. 2011, p. 3) Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. Community cloud. The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds) Cloud computing is the current highlight among IT expert and strategically to push cloud computing forward. First, Cloud computing enabling technologies such as virtualization, open source, massive scale automation and multi tenancy. Second, more successful vendor with their offerings are filling the market with positive customer experiences. Third, recession continues to squeeze funds from IT budgets and prompt CIOs to look for more ways to save money. By it characteristic flexible and scalable, cloud computing business models base on as-needed basis or popular with pay-as-you-go. These new business models will reduce the amount of capital and resources tied up in in-house IT, automated and charges base on actual usage data and user able to access lightweight applications that are sufficient for specific business needs, self serve. Cloud Computing Solutions Base on NIST Definition of Cloud Computing there are 3services models of cloud computing solution (Peter Mell Timothy Grance. 2011, p. 2) : SAAS Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the providers applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g.,web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). Benefits Cost of Cloud Computing Understanding current ecosystem in company, SAAS and IAAS are better option to be adapted to achieve cost reduction and improve business process. Currently, some leading cloud vendors such as Amazon, Sales Force, Google, Citrix and Microsoft, HP are providing cloud computing solutions. Benefits SAAS models Some application offered by clouds vendors can be considered to be applied such as Sales and CRM application where give company more benefits: Lower capital costs flexible pricing models. With cloud computing company dont need to spend large investments on servers and storage, up front licenses fees, maintenance fees for software. New pricing models bring by cloud computing are typically paid for on a per user subscription basis. Mobility and Flexibility. applications can be accessible anytime and anywhere using internet connection Ease of use, maintenance and integration. User friendly application, easy to configure and easy to integrate with other application in current ecosystem Reliable and Secure. There are more cloud computing provider in the market with numbers of client offering reliability and security over data and 24 hours support. Seamless software upgrade. Upgrade to latest software can be done seamlessly to add more features with no additional cost. Benefits IAAS models Company can consider private cloud computing in data center by doing virtualization whereby Virtualization is a converged infrastructure for shared services where as few number of server would be act as a pool of data centers removing hundred over physical servers which seated and eating up floor space and power consumption. Benefit from virtualization can be obtained from 3 areas: Automates application provisioning. Automates application provisioning eliminates number of actual resources and time consumed in internal meetings required for coordination Time savings. Application deployment elapsed time savings; virtualization allows application to be set up in minutes instead of weeks or months. Power infrastructure cost avoidance; Compaq structured data center cutting down electricity cost hence there is no more massive power and cooling needed. RECOMMENDATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING ADAPTION Along the line with company strategy to be number 1 mobile operator in Malaysia by 2013, and look into market maturity company need to improve business process, focus on cost reduction, and drive new revenue stream from non voice and data. Business growth always required more IT investment meanwhile in the same time company need to focus on cost reduction. Current company grand IT infrastructure still using traditional concept where by company buy and have full ownership all hardware and software. All Malaysia mobile operators havent considered cloud computing as part of IT strategy, but major global mobile operators such as ATT, British Telecom, Orange, Verizon include SingTel in Asia region has adapt cloud computing in their IT strategy. To achieve greater competitive advantages and gain more market share we recommend company to start consider cloud computing as part of IT strategy. Meanwhile IT division have to do proper analysis and examination to create comprehensive cloud computing strategy, we suggest company adopt light application sales cloud offered by Sales force and doing virtualization for IAAS as a pilot project to introduce cloud computing solutions. Improvement sales business process using SAAS model Base on observation in sales division, more than 70% time consume by sales agent not for selling but looking for information for new leads dealership, customer complaint, deal updates, administration and approval, data monitoring, product and promotion latest updates and presentations. There is no application collaboration from head office until regional level that can help them to get all above information so they can concentrate more to sales jobs. Sales force offer sales cloud service base on pay per user basis where user can access it anywhere through an Internet-enabled mobile device or a connected computer can be answered to above problems. Sales force founded in March 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez specializing in software as a service (SaaS). Currently, have 82,400 customers and over 2,100,000 subscribers. Sales force, service running in the cloud. Some benefits using sales service cloud from Sales Force are: Integrated application and information from leads, account, contact, opportunities, reports and dashboard in one application, hence sales customer service agent will not waste their working time to find information and juggle in different application Real time update information through smart phone hence latest product and promotion can be reached in quicker time for sales and customer service agent. Since every employee in company have been provided blackberry smart phone, from now on blackberry will bring new function to support sales and service. Small investment compare to total cost of ownership internal technology assets from hardware and software acquisition, installation, training, support, maintenance, infrastructure, downtime/failure cost, space and energy. Flexibility upgrade to new software whenever needed without losing cost on prior internal in house investment and additional hardware to support customer growth. Include automatic latest version upgrade without losing time upgrading each of computer unit High adoption due to sales force is using web base application internet and also training support Seamless Integration due to sales force is using different application programming interface (Api) that easily can be integrated with current company infrastructure As we discussed earlier, in cloud business models sales force are giving lower capital cost because company dont need to spend in large servers, storage, license fee and ongoing maintenance by giving flexible pricing models base on number of user starting from USD5 125/user/month Deliver cost optimization through Private Cloud Virtualization For years, IT have been adding servers, storage and networking devices to keep pace with applications and data generation. As a result Celcom has a massive data center where by IT resources locked up in countless number technology structured. To ensure service level agreements (SLAs), IT resources have created over provisioning and underutilization, becoming collectively difficult to manage. As a result, greater budget portion is being spent on operations and create more difficulties for IT to deploy new services in quickly and efficiently manner. To avoid further diminished productivity, complex networking and unnecessary facility cost, IT organization must heads up to private cloud by doing virtualization server. provision and modify complex infrastructure can be done in minutes not months thru self provision from desktop, notebook even tablet pc from anywhere in or out office contrary with legacy system where need more staff and third party to provision. When additional capacity is needed, workload can be moved to where capacity is exists and server that isnt used can be shut down to save energy. Utilization of servers is increasing; reducing loaded of servers needed in data center and minimizes floor space. To get better view how much cost can be saved by doing virtualization, HP technical team did exercise calculation total savings over 3 years together using HP Blade system Matrix. Illustration of calculation as below table : . Launch IAAS as an opportunity to gain new revenue stream In long term strategy, virtualization is also leading company as telecommunication provider to serve Current enterprise business customers (SMEs) by offering Infrastructure as a service (Iaas). These can also be seen as a potential opportunity to gain new revenue streams. As a benchmark ATT Europe Telecommunication provider has launched Sypnotic storage as a service. Sypnotic storage as a service is Web service-based virtualized storage on-demand solution that easily scales up and down with pay-only-for storage used availability. Sypnotic a pay-as-you-go service that is billed based on company actual usage each month. The service has several usage-based components, including virtual machine resources, networking resources, additional storage and data access. (Peter Hall. 2010, p.10). In bottom line, Celcom also has huge opportunity to bundle Iaas service with current business package with voice, broadband, business mobile and email solution to existing Celcom Biz enterprise customers. Celcom can leverage reputations and solid performances to offer reliable, comprehensive and secure cloud services. CONCLUSION This report has analyzed overall the grand IT infrastructure, current disruptive technology of cloud computing solution and overall business strategy. The following points and findings were made in this report: Information technology has enter to new era with cloud computing solutions where offer flexibility, scalability and new pricing model Company must consider cloud computing solutions to achieve improvement in business process, cost reduction and chance to gain new revenue stream by having new product solution for business customers. Celcom as a multinational company must have strategic outlook on the future of ICT practices as market is undergoing changes due to technological advancements. It is also important company to adapt and follow market trends and increase ability to compete in the market. Company to adapt sales cloud offer by sales force to improve business process in sales division. Company to develop private cloud computing by doing virtualization makes it easier for IT to deliver faster and taking advantage of speed to deploy IT-based solutions faster to meet the business needs. In the end, virtualization aim to increase productivity and reduce facility cost. Company also has huge opportunity to deliver new business services by bundle Iaas with current business package such as voice, broadband, business mobile and email solution to existing Celcom Biz enterprise customers. By ensuring the value of services delivered via cloud computing, company not only delivers business value to their business users but increase value preposition and extend company sustainability.

The History of Scientific Management Theories Essay -- administrative

In the history of management thinking, there are many ways to manage an organization, such as scientific management and administrative management. This essay will discuss the notion that scientific management was a ‘good’ idea in the history of management thinking, by looking at the historical backgrounds and political beliefs of economist, also how the develop management theory by conducting experiments, and how their theories made it into the managing business does and how do they work. First of all, what is management itself? Management as explained in the Organizational Behaviour book, is a set of activities such as planning, decision making, organizing, leading and controlling the organization’s resources including human, financial, physical, and information. In order for high performance result, achieving organizational goals efficiently and effectively. (Wood et al, 2006. pp12-13) This essay would focus on the scientific management theories; it is where the concept of job specialization and division of labour are born, during that time it was the days of industrial era. The business was expanding, yet the productivity was labour intensive since technology was not much help at that time. Thus managers must find a way to improve the performance of individual workers, and that; the scientific management theory was created. The history of scientific management closely related with Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), known as the father of scientific management. Other than Taylor, there are other four renowned economist; Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, and Henry Ford. Each manager has their own way of scientific managing, Taylor who is considered to be the father of scientific management, as explained in the book prepared by... ...rove output production and efficiency of an organization. We could see this specialization everywhere in a workplace, the easiest way to create an example of this in department store; everyone has their own task, the cashier work on the cashier machine, the customer service work on helping visitors and pointing out information. Also in the restaurant, in the kitchen itself, there different task done by different people, the high chef manage the other workers and guiding them with the cooking recipe, then they have other workers who would just do one task such as boiling, frying, cutting, and then the waitress deliver the food. Those are few examples of specialization in the line of work we see today. With that fact, it is clear that scientific management was a good idea in the history of management, providing ways in organizations to achieve more productivity.